Understanding Security Deposits and How to Get Yours Back

July 5, 2025
Rachel Morgan

A security deposit is often one of the biggest upfront costs when renting a home—but getting that money back is completely possible with the right strategy. Look into ways to protect your deposit from day one and boost your chances of a full refund when you move out.

Know What Your Deposit Covers

A security deposit isn’t just money your landlord holds for safekeeping—it’s a form of insurance. It protects the landlord in case of unpaid rent or damage beyond normal wear and tear. That means your goal as a renter is to leave the place in the same condition it was in when you moved in.

Landlords are legally required to return your deposit (minus any deductions) within a certain time frame—usually 14 to 30 days, depending on your state. They must also provide a written list explaining any charges if they keep part of the deposit. Knowing these rules upfront can help you hold them accountable later. You can find the laws in your state on sites like Nolo.

Also, remember: security deposits are different from nonrefundable fees like pet deposits or application fees. Make sure you understand what’s refundable and what’s not before signing your lease.

Document Everything from Day One

One of the smartest things you can do to protect your deposit happens before you unpack a single box. Do a detailed walkthrough of the apartment and take photos or videos of every room, focusing on floors, walls, appliances, fixtures, and windows. This creates a timestamped record of the unit’s condition when you moved in.

Email these photos to yourself or your landlord so they’re saved and easy to find. If your landlord provides a move-in checklist, use it—and add notes about anything you find, even if it seems small.

Apps like RentCheck make this process easier by walking you through what to document. Some landlords may even use this kind of app themselves during move-in and move-out inspections.

If something is damaged or missing, let your landlord know in writing right away. That way, they can’t later claim you caused it.

Maintain the Space Throughout Your Lease

Keeping your unit in good shape isn’t just about being a clean roommate—it’s about protecting your money. Treat the apartment as if it were your own: report issues quickly, clean regularly, and avoid unnecessary damage.

If a doorknob gets loose or a cabinet hinge breaks, fix it or ask the landlord to take care of it before it gets worse. Preventative care goes a long way—leaks, pest issues, or mold are much easier (and cheaper) to deal with early on.

Also, avoid making changes that might violate your lease, like painting walls or installing shelves without permission. Even small updates can come out of your deposit if the landlord has to restore the unit later.

If you’re worried about wear and tear—like carpet stains or scratched floors—consider using rugs or furniture pads. Little steps like that can make a big difference when it’s time for your final inspection.

Clean Like Your Deposit Depends on It—Because It Does

Landlords are allowed to charge for cleaning if the place is left in a messy or unsanitary condition. That’s why move-out cleaning is one of the most important parts of getting your full deposit back.

Plan to do a deep clean of the entire unit, including:

Inside cabinets and drawers
Oven and stovetop
Refrigerator (don’t forget to defrost if needed)
Baseboards and windowsills
Bathroom grout and fixtures

You don’t need professional cleaning if you do it thoroughly. Use affordable supplies—baking soda, vinegar, and dish soap can handle most jobs. Just make sure the space is clean and empty. Leaving behind trash, furniture, or old decor is one of the top reasons deposits get docked.

Some landlords require the carpets to be professionally cleaned—check your lease. If that’s the case, ask for a receipt from the service you use so you can show proof if needed.

Don’t Skip the Move-Out Checklist

Just like when you moved in, your move-out deserves a proper walkthrough. Request a final inspection with your landlord and go through each room together. This gives you a chance to fix anything they point out on the spot, instead of being surprised later with a bill.

If they don’t want to do a walkthrough, take your own photos or video before leaving. You want proof of how the place looked when you handed over the keys.

Then, follow up in writing. Email your landlord your new address and request the return of your deposit. If they don’t return it within the required time—or you think they unfairly kept part of it—you can file a complaint with your state’s housing agency or consider small claims court. Resources like JustFix can guide you through this process.

Final Thoughts: Your Deposit Is Your Leverage

Treat your security deposit like the paycheck it is. It’s money you worked for and deserve to get back—if you follow the right steps. From move-in documentation to move-out cleaning, everything you do in between affects how much comes back to you.

Renting doesn’t mean giving up control. With a little effort and attention to detail, you can leave your place in great shape, keep your deposit, and feel good about the next step—whether that’s your next rental or saving for something bigger.